It ran to two editions in his lifetime, and received another five prints by various London printers over the course of the century, proving at the very least, its saleability.Īlthough, the seventeenth-century saw an explosion in books that examined apiculture, insect biology, and beekeeping practices, during the sixteenth-century only a few other authors had been inclined to touch upon the subject and only one other author attempted an alternative manual on the subject. 1528-1576) published the very first manual for beekeepers printed in the English language. However, only 35 (9.6%) of the inventoried species were native to the Chicago area.In 1568 Thomas Hill (c. The richness of the aggregate 2.1 ha of residential property inventoried in this study was comparable with or exceeded that of a 34 ha prairie remnant west of Chicago. Shade trees and a developed shrub layer were absent from most gardens, possibly representing a tradeoff in ecosystem services in favor of food production. Crop plant richness was more even across sample types. Cumulatively, the gardens of African American households were relatively rich in ornamental plant species and families, while those of Chinese-origin households had a depauperate flora. A total of 123 edible plant taxa from 25 families and 288 ornamental plant species from 85 families were identified, for a combined total of 387 species from 90 families. Crop plants and cultivated ornamental plants on the lot were inventoried and mapped at the species level. In this study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 59 African American, Chinese-origin or Mexican-origin households with on-lot or vacant lot food gardens in Chicago. The ecosystem services (or disservices) these landscapes provide, however, have not been rigorously measured, nor have tradeoffs between the services they provide been assessed. Because residential landscapes constitute the largest single urban land use, domestic gardens have emerged as a topic of research interest and planning concern. With increasing urbanization and environmental degradation, urban landscapes are increasingly expected to provide a wide range of ecosystem services typically associated with rural areas, including biodiversity conservation and food production.

The Gardener's Labyrinth by Thomas Hill